tokenpocket最新钱包5.0024版本|obc
小三电(OBC,DCDC,PDU) - 知乎
小三电(OBC,DCDC,PDU) - 知乎首发于智能底盘切换模式写文章登录/注册小三电(OBC,DCDC,PDU)T343625小三电指车载充电机(OBC)、车载 DC/DC 变换器、高压配电盒(PDU),作为 电控核心零件,起着转换及传输交流和直流能量的重要功能。小三电的发展趋势:集成化、多功能化、大功率成。车载充电机(OBC)是连接交流充电桩,将交流电转化为直流电的重要电子装 置;车载 DC/DC 变换器可将动力电池输出的高压电转换 成各用电器所需要的低电压;PDU 是分配电池输 出的直流电和监控过流过压的高压电源分配单元新能源汽车部件主要包括大三电(动力电池、电机控制器、电机)以及小三电 (车载充电机 OBC、DC/DC 变换器、高压配电盒 PDU)。 新能源汽车核心零部件小三电单车价1、OBC新 能源汽车充电可分为交流充电与直流充电两种,1)直流充电“快充”,利用外来的“直流充电桩”直接给动力电池充电,不需要使用车载充电机;2)交流充电“慢充”,交流充电 桩将交流电网中的单相交流电(220V)或三相交流电(380V)电流供给装在车辆内的车载 充电机(OBC),OBC 可以将交流电转化为直流电从而给新能源汽车充电。新能源汽车充电方式示意图交流、直流充电对比车载充电机(OBC)可实现新能源汽车慢充功能。车载充电机安装在电动汽车上,在充电时连接交流充电桩,起到将交流电转化为直流电,为动力电池慢速充电的作用。400V 架构下 OBC 的功率多为 3.3、6.6kW,而为了满足 800V 架构下的充电需求,11.22kW 的 OBC 已被研发并或将在未来成为主流功率。 车载充电机(OBC)外观示意图2022 年新能源乘用车 OBC 装机量企业分布2、DC/DCDC/DC 变换器(直流-直流变换器)从动力电池取电,给车载 12V 或 24V 低压电池充 电。DC/DC 可以将动力电池输出的某一数值的直流电源电压转化为另一数值的直流电源电 压,起到调节电源输出、稳定电源电压的作用。通常可以分为三种:高压转高压 DC/DC 变换器、高压转低压 DC/DC 变换器、低压稳压 DC/DC 变换器。 DC/DC 变换器外观示意图车载 DC/DC 变换器工作原理示意图车载 DC/DC 变换器输入端连接动力电池高压输出端,输出端连接呈并联关系的低压用电器和蓄电池。当 VCU(整车控制器)未接到高压指令时,蓄电池给低压用电器供电。 当 VCU 收到上高压指令后,DC/DC 变换器启动,动力电池输出的高压电经 DC/DC 变 换器转换后输出稳定的低压电。DC/DC 变换器要根据车辆用电器实际用电情况和蓄电池的充放电平衡给低压用电器和蓄电池供电。 车载 DC/DC 变换器工作原理示意图3、PDU高压配电盒(PDU)是高压系统中分配电池输出的直流电和监控过流过压的高压电源 分配单元。PDU 通过母排及线束连接动力电池并控制充放电,将动力电池输出的直流电分 配到汽车的 OBC、车载 DC/DC 变换器、电机控制器、空调、PTC 等高压用电器上,在高 压系统中起过载短路保护、低压控制等功能,保护和监控高压系统的运行。 高压配电盒(PDU)外观示意图PDU 功能示意图趋势一:大功率解决充电焦虑,多车企选择高压快充。解决充电焦虑有高压快充和换电两种模式,蔚来、 吉利睿蓝等布局换电模式;保时捷 Tycan 是第一款 800V 快充车型,保时捷之后,比亚迪、 东风岚图、吉利、小鹏等车企布局高压快充,小鹏 G9 成为首款 800V 高压 SiC 车型。 高压快充成为主要趋势高压快充五种方案趋势二:集成化主流趋势是 OBC、DC/DC、PDU 等部件进行集成设计。集成化可以实现 1)轻量 化,降低电源装置总重,促进新能源汽车轻量化、提升续航能力、降低成本是新能源车企 重要发展方向,2)减少成本,小三电集成化后单车价值下降,减少整车生产过程中需要总 装的零件数量,从而降低车企成本,集成后成本下降 700-800 元。 趋势三:多功能单向型车载 DC/DC 变换器发展为双向型,可替代相关器件对母线电容进行预充,减 少零器件的使用,从而降低成本。双向型 DC/DC 可以实现电能的双向流动,将低压电转 换为高压电。电机加速时,电池通过 DC/DC 放电;而当电机制动时,制动的能量通过 DC/DC 为电池充电,可降低能量损耗,提高车辆续航能力。 双向化 OBC 发挥移动分布式储能功能。传统单向车载充电机只能满足能量的单向流 动,能量由电网经 OBC 流向动力电池。双向化意味着通过 OBC 的逆变技术,能量可以从 动力电池经 OBC 流向其他电器,从而使新能源汽车满足日常生活中应急充电的功能。 双向 OBC 应用场景小三电企业 小三电企业编辑于 2023-05-09 10:26・IP 属地浙江新能源赞同 1115 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请转载文章被以下专栏收录智能底盘传动、转向(EPS)、行驶、制动(ONE BOX
OBC和DCDC的区别是什么? - 知乎
OBC和DCDC的区别是什么? - 知乎首页知乎知学堂发现等你来答切换模式登录/注册电路设计新能源汽车开关电源设计开关电源OBC和DCDC的区别是什么?如果输入电源是直流,DCDC能否取代OBC? 就像12v小铅酸电池一样,两轮的电摩铅酸充电是用充电机,而汽车里面却是用DCDC。 如果使用DCDC给三…显示全部 关注者26被浏览236,012关注问题写回答邀请回答好问题 3添加评论分享10 个回答默认排序大水怪出没请注意电力能源行业 从业人员 关注电动车上的DCDC一般是高压电池包给低压车载电子器件供电用的。高压小电流到低压大电流转换用的。发布于 2020-07-21 10:18赞同 12 条评论分享收藏喜欢收起光芒万丈的每一天车圈工程师/自动驾驶/电子电器 关注OBC(On board charger)准确来说指的是“车载充电器”。一般是低功率充电机。分为车载有线充电和车载无线充电。DCDC (DC-DC converter)是指在直流电路中将一个电压值的电能变为另一个电压值的电能的装置。直流变换器,就是一个直流电压变换成另外一个直流电压。OBC1、车载充电器的解释:车载充电器是为了方便用车载电源随时随地为数码产品充电的配件,常规用于汽车电瓶(轿车12V,卡车24V)供电的车载充电器。 大量使用在各种便携式、手持式设备的锂电池充电领域, 此车充方案选取的电源管理IC必须同时满足:耐高压,高效率,高可靠性,低频率的开关电源芯片。2、车载充电器的产品特点:电脑自动保护芯片,不管在哪都能放心使用,为您的设备在充电时提供完美的保护。车充插头构造,内置保险丝,过压电流过大,保险丝自动熔断,保护机器安全。车充头还有USB接口,支持各种USB接口电源输出。通过电源输出接口可为IPhone/ipad充电DC/DC变换器是应用在电动汽车的一种机器。定义及作用在以燃料电池为电力能源的电动汽车中,由于燃料电池的输出特性偏软,输出电压不稳,需要在燃料电池与逆变器之间增加一个DC/DC变换器。DC/DC变换器在燃料电池电动汽车间主要起以下作用:(I)电压变换:通过DC/DC变换器对燃料电池的输出电压进行变换后再提供给电机驱动器。(2)稳定电压:燃料电池的输出电压不稳,通过DC/DC变换器闭环控制系统对其进行稳压。性能要求根据DC/DC变换器在燃料电池电动汽车中的作用以及运行的特殊要求,DC/DC变换器必须满足以下要求:(1)变换器是能量传递部件,因此需要满足转换效率高的要求,以便提高能源利用率。(2)由予燃料电池输出响应较慢,故需要变换器具有良好的动态调节能力。(3)为了提高汽车功率密度比,需要汽车务部件体积小,重量轻,以提高燃料电池电动汽车的运输能力,使其更有实用价值。因而DC/DC变换器要满足体积小,重量轻的要求。发布于 2021-07-26 16:03赞同 222 条评论分享收藏喜欢
OBC(车载充电器)基本知识 - 知乎
OBC(车载充电器)基本知识 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册OBC(车载充电器)基本知识调皮的JINX昨天和同事聊天,谈到了OBC充电功率问题。刚好网上看到相关介绍,特分享给大家,一起学习,做个入门。对于新能源汽车普通消费者而言,主要关注两个体验:一个是驾乘体验,包括动力性、舒适性、娱乐性等;另外一个则是充电体验。充电体验是个什么概念呢?结合OBC的规格参数来说, 11kW的OBC,意味着充满88kWh的电池(续航里程大概在650km-750km),需要8h。如果与充满一部手机或者加满一辆燃油车的时间来对比,这个时间无疑是漫长。但需要注意的是,11kWh的OBC实际上已经算是功率较高的水平,满足日常需求完全没问题因此不断提高充电速率是OBC的发展方向。谈到OBC,那什么是OBC呢?OBC是车载充电机的简称(On Board Charger),主要功能:电网电压经由地面交流充电桩、交流充电口,连接至车载充电机,给电动电池进行充电。现在的OBC一般也默认是隔离型OBC,这是指电网侧与车载侧之间需要设置耐压2500V-3750V的电气隔离层,以提高电气安全性。电气隔离:是指在电路中避免电流直接从某一区域流到另外一区域的方式,也就是在两个区域间不建立电流直接流动的路径。虽然电流无法直接流过,但能量或是资讯仍可以经由其他方式传递,例如电磁感应或电磁波,或是利用光学、声学或是机械的方式进行。电气隔离作用:电气隔离的作用主要是减少两个不同的电路之间的相互干扰。例如,某个实际电路工作的环境较差,容易造成接地等故障。如果不采用电气隔离,直接与供电电源连接,一旦该电路出现接地现象,整个电网就可能受其影响而不能正常工作。采用电气隔离后,该电路接地时就不会影响整个电网的工作,同时还可通过绝缘监测装置检测该电路对地的绝缘状况,一旦该电路发生接地,可以及时发出警报,提醒管理人员及时维修或处理,避免保护装置跳闸停电的现象发生。既然有OBC给动力电池充电,那么必然就会有动力电池通过OBC给其他用电器充电的想法。既能实现充电功能,又能实现逆变功能的OBC称为双向OBC。实现逆变功能的OBC又可分为V2L型和V2G型。双向OBC的出现,也给电动汽车增加了“生计”。V2L(Vehicle to Load):从车载动力电池取电-OBC-交流充电口-专用的V2L交流电插座板-220V用电设备。V2G(Vehicle-to-grid):从车载动力电池取电-OBC-交流充电口-地面交流充电桩-电网。大致的了解了OBC背景,接下来看一下OBC内部设计。OBC由PFC(Power Factor Correction:功率因数校正器) + 隔离DC-DC组成的AC-DC转换器。关于功率因数的定义可查阅早期文章电机理论基础知识-什么是功率因数。电机理论基础知识—什么是功率因数?常见的OBC功率水平及PFC拓扑结构矩阵如下:常见的OBC功率水平及DC-DC拓扑结构矩阵如下:【免责声明】文章为作者独立观点,不代表公众号立场。如因作品内容、版权等存在问题。请于本文刊发30日内联系删除或洽谈版权使用事宜。原创版权所有,翻版必究。鉴于近期侵权问题严重,本公众号不再向公司性质主体公众号免费授权转载(原部分白名单账号依旧保留)。开放私人账号转载通道,如有需求,请私信。微信公众号:调皮的JINX发布于 2021-12-11 09:44充电器车载充电器车载电器赞同 12117 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请
新能源汽车OBC车载充电机及实物拆解 - 知乎
新能源汽车OBC车载充电机及实物拆解 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册新能源汽车OBC车载充电机及实物拆解老虎说芯北京大学 微电子学与固体电子学硕士本文目录:车载OBC概述车载OBC主要指标车载OBC拓扑结构车载OBC实物拆解1、车载OBC简介从产品/系统角度看OBC及在新能源汽车的作用。如下图,是威迈斯的OBC车载充电机,威迈斯今年刚上市,是OBC和DC/DC的领先企业。消费者关注新能源汽车的两类体验:驾驶体验(动力、舒适、娱乐、安全)、充电(速度)。 图片来源:威迈斯官网(OBC)车载充电机OBC(On-Board Charger)属于安装在新能源电动车内的零部件,它将交流充电桩输出的交流电转化为高压直流电,给整车高压动力电池充电。图片来源:mobility foresight新能源汽车的核心零件可分为三部分:动力电池,电驱(控制器、电机、减速器),小三电(PDU+DC-DC+OBC)。OBC 也是电动汽车设计及其性能最关键的方面之一。 图片来源:《小三电系统的技术研究》新能源汽车的OBC分为单向OBC和双向OBC,电路包括功率电路(PFC+ 移相全桥/LLC)和控制电路组成。单向OBC只能给动力电池充电,双向OBC可以把动力电池的直流电逆变成为家用220V交流电。产品特性:• 额定输出功率:6.6kW• 交流输入电压:85Vac ~ 265Vac• 最大交流电流:32A• 直流输出电压:230Vdc ~ 450Vdc• 最大输出电流:22A• 功率因素: ≥ 0.99• 峰值效率: ≥ 94%2、车载OBC指标OBC的部件主要有以下的技术指标: 图片来源:OBC技术指标,来自浙江大学电气工程学院功率等级:国内和海外的新能源汽车充电功率不同。常见的OBC充电功率为3.3 kW、6.6 kW、11 kW 和 22 kW。11kW的OBC,意味着充满66kWh的动力电池需要6h。转换效率:效率是很重要的目标,与整个单元的散热方式息息相关。图:wolfspeed某6.6KW 双向OBC的主要设计参数。容积&重量&功率密度:汽车对于部件的体积和重量都有着严格的要求,设计要求比较高;目前趋势是DC/DC、OBC二合一集成,或者DC/DC和OBC,PDU做三合一集成,功率密度大幅提升,体积降低。散热方式:有主动风冷和液冷两种方式。功率升高到11KW之后,液冷需求增加。成本:部件的成本要求比较高,目前小三电比较卷,小三电供应商普遍毛利率在15%~20%。3、车载OBC拓扑结构OBC由PFC(Power Factor Correction:功率因数校正器) + 隔离DC-DC组成的AC-DC转换器。PFC(Power Factor Correction)实现电网交流电压变为直流电压,且保证输入交流电流与输入交流电压同相位,根据实际设计功率需求的不同,可采用多级Boost电路并联进行扩容;DC/DC实现PFC级输出直流电压变为所需充电电压,实现恒流/恒压充电功能,并保证交流高压侧与直流高压侧的电气绝缘。类似的,根据实际设计功率需求的不同,可采用多级DC/DC电路并联进行扩容。此外,比较常见的DC/DC级电路拓扑有移相全桥和LLC两种。图:OBC电路概况采用SiC MOS器件的OBC部件系统框图如下:图:wolfspeed某6.6KW 双向OBC的系统框图图:安森美基于1200V碳化硅的单向OBC的系统框图图:ST的OBC的系统框图图:英飞凌的OBC的系统框图4、车载OBC的拆机图OBC实物图如下:图:wolfspeed的6.6KW OBC实物图(基于TO-247 650V SiC MOSFET方案)图:wolfspeed的OBC中磁性元件和功率半导体集成图:比亚迪的OBC拆解因为每篇文章会有涉及到内容引用,部分内容不知来源,如果发现有侵权,请后台告知感谢;发布于 2023-09-11 09:14・IP 属地广东车载充电器新能源汽车汽车赞同 41 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry journal
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry journal
Skip to main content
Members' area
Make a donation
Search:
Search:
About us
Membership & professional community
Policy, evidence and campaigns
Journals, books & databases
Teaching & learning
News & events
Locations, contacts & venue hire
Journals, books & databases
Author & reviewer hub
Our journals
All journals A-Z
Email alerts service
Maximise your impact
Open calls for papers
Journal metrics
Benefits of publishing with us
RSC Desktop Seminars
Open Science
Open access publishing
Our editorial board members
Booksellers
Our books
Databases & literature updates
Research tools
RSC Select
Librarian hub
A-Z list of resources and tools
Home
Journals, books & databases
Our journals
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
The journal for organic synthesis, supramolecular chemistry, chemical biology and more.
Read this journal
Submit your article
Setting up remote access to RSC content
You can find details about how to access information remotely in this step-by-step guide. The guide will also help if for any reason you have difficulty accessing the content you want.
What would you like to know about this journal?
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry is a Transformative Journal and Plan S compliant
Impact factor: 3.2*
Time to first decision (all decisions): 13.0 days**
Time to first decision (peer-reviewed only): 15.0 days***
Chair: Anthony Davis
Indexed in MEDLINE
CiteScore: 6.4****
Best Impact Factor Quartile (SCIE Category 2022): Q2 (Chemistry, Organic)
Open access publishing options available
Read this journal
Submit an article
Sign up for regular email alerts
View all journal metrics
Publish open access
Meet the team
Journal scope
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (OBC) publishes original and high impact research and reviews in organic chemistry.
We welcome research that shows new or significantly improved protocols or methodologies in total synthesis, synthetic methodology or physical and theoretical organic chemistry as well as research that shows a significant advance in the organic chemistry or molecular design aspects of chemical biology, catalysis, supramolecular and macromolecular chemistry, theoretical chemistry, mechanism-oriented physical organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry or natural products.
Articles published in the journal should report new work which makes a highly-significant impact in the field. Routine and incremental work is generally not suitable for publication in the journal.
More details about key areas of our scope are below. In all cases authors should include in their article clear rationale for why their research has been carried out.
See more scope
Organic synthesis
We welcome important research in all areas of organic synthesis, including studies on small organic molecules and biomolecules, and studies that report purely synthetic work without biological data. Total or multistep syntheses should report new or improved strategies or methods, or a more efficient route to the target compound.
Methodology studies should show a significant improvement on known methods. Research that extends the known methodology to a different class of compounds is generally not suitable unless that class is significantly different in scope to previously reported methodology. Where methods are directed towards a narrow range of structures, the importance of these targets must be clearly justified.
Physical and theoretical organic chemistry
We welcome studies that report new models of reactivity, selectivity, bonding or structure, or new computational methods and have relevance for the design of subsequent experiments. That relevance should be clearly justified in the paper. Relevance is perhaps most clearly demonstrated by the description of testable predictions derived from the results of the reported theoretical work; the tests of these predictions could be contained in the same paper in which the predictions are described. Computational research that merely reproduces experimental data is not suitable for OBC.
Chemical biology
We welcome articles that report new or improved methodologies in the chemical aspects of chemical biology, including design, development and use of chemical tools, chemical studies of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids or biological processes such as protein-protein interactions and epigenetics, and chemical methods such as imaging and labelling techniques.
Catalysis
We welcome studies on catalysis, including metal catalysis, organocatalysis, and biocatalysis, which present a significant organic chemistry advance. The application of a new catalyst to a known reaction must present a significant methodological advance. However, studies showcasing routine modification in the catalyst structure for a known reaction or the preparation of a compound library by a known catalytic reaction followed by routine photophysical or biological studies are typically not suitable.
Theoretical studies that provide significant new mechanistic insights into synthetic or biological catalysts are welcome. Routine biochemistry studies of catalytic mechanisms, for instance, routine studies using tools such as site-directed mutagenesis, are not typically suitable.
Supramolecular, macromolecular and organic materials
We welcome studies that report important new work in the molecular design of supramolecular or macromolecular compounds or organic materials either with a strong component in organic synthesis or with novel organic structural features. You may wish to consider our materials journals for articles outside this scope.
Sensors
We publish articles describing sensors for ions and/or molecules provided that they
address targets and situations of practical relevance and
represent significant and demonstrable improvements on previous methodology
In particular, sensors for species in artificial surroundings (for example, hydrophilic ions in organic solvents) will not typically be acceptable for publication.
Medicinal chemistry
We welcome studies that report significant synthetic or bioorganic research that is directed towards medicinal chemistry applications. Studies that show routine syntheses accompanied by biological testing are generally not suitable for OBC. Our companion journal, RSC Medicinal Chemistry, is more suitable for articles that report significant research in core medicinal chemistry disciplines.
Natural products
We welcome articles that report new and interesting syntheses of natural products (see Organic Synthesis guidelines above) or chemical studies of biosynthetic pathways. Isolation or identification studies are welcome when the compound being reported
has a novel structural class with unreported carbon skeleton, unusual functional groups or unusual modifications and/or
displays a potent or unexpected biological activity or an unexpected mechanism of action.
Routine isolation studies are not suitable for OBC.
Author benefits
One of the fastest organic chemistry journals* - with an average receipt to first decision time of just 14.1 days for Communications and 18.5 days for Papers
Flexible submission format; submit in any reasonable format, and no template required
Optional accepted manuscript publication; have the unedited version of your article published shortly after acceptance
Easy submission and manuscript tracking online
Choice of submission routes; authors can choose either the Cambridge editorial office or submission to an associate editor
Unlimited free colour, both online and in print
High exposure; top papers highlighted in the wider scientific press
Broadest organic audience; synthetic, physical and biomolecular
Indexed in MEDLINE and other major databases
*Based on the average time from receipt to first decision for manuscripts submitted in 2023.
Meet the team
Find out who is on the editorial and advisory boards for the Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry journal.
Editorial board
Chair
Anthony Davis, University of Bristol, UK
Associate editors
Katrina Jolliffe, University of Sydney, Australia
Motomu Kanai, University of Tokyo, Japan
Lei Liu, Tsinghua University, China
Xiaohua Liu, Sichuan University, China
Santanu Mukherjee, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Scott Silverman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Cristina Trujillo, The University of Manchester, UK
Huan Wang, Nanjing University, China
Editorial board members
S.S.V Ramasastry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India
Corinna Schindler, University of Michigan, USA
Judy I-Chia Wu, University of Houston, USA
Advisory board
Igor Alabugin, Florida State University, USA
Gonçalo Bernardes, University of Cambridge, UK
Shunsuke Chiba, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Andre Cobb, Kings College London, UK
Steven Cobb, Durham University, UK
Ratmir Derda, University of Alberta, Canada
Antonio Echavarren, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
Ben Feringa, University of Groningen, Netherlands
Amar Flood, Indiana University Bloomington, USA
Carmen Galan, University of Bristol, UK
Christian Hackenberger, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany
Jason Harper, University of New South Wales, Australia
Ivan Huc, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
Elizabeth Krenske, University of Queensland, Australia
Mahesh Lakshman, The City College of New York, USA
Shih-Yuan Liu, Boston College, USA
Geraldine Masson, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (CNRS), France
Elizabeth New, University of Sydney, Australia
Dhevalapally Ramachary, University of Hyderabad, India
Paolo Scrimin, University of Padova, Italy
Oliver Seitz, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
Jay Siegel, University of Zürich, Switzerland
Corey Stephenson, University of Michigan, USA
Dean Tantillo, University of California Davis, USA
Mark Taylor, University of Toronto, Canada
Georgios Vassilikogiannakis, University of Crete, Greece
Helma Wennemers, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
Peter Wipf, University of Pittsburgh, USA
Shuli You, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, China
Jian Zhou, East China Normal University, China
Editorial office
Katie Lim, Executive Editor
Jack Washington, Deputy Editor
Daniel Robertshaw, Development Editor
Sarah Anthony, Editorial Production Manager
Nicola Burton, Publishing Editor
Tom Cozens, Publishing Editor
Ryan Kean, Publishing Editor
Roxane Owen, Publishing Editor, ORCID 0000-0002-4553-233X
Lauren Yarrow-Wright, Publishing Editor
Andrea Whiteside, Publishing Assistant
Sam Keltie, Publisher, Journals, ORCID 0000-0002-9369-8414
Article types
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry publishes:
Communications
Full papers
Reviews
Comments
See more information about these article types
Communications
Urgent accounts of highly-important new research. No strict page limit but generally up to five journal pages in length. Research findings should be presented in a succinct and informative way, emphasising the importance and potential impact of the research. Authors are particularly encouraged to prepare a title and abstract which concisely summarise the key findings of their research and their importance, avoiding the use of non-standard abbreviations, acronyms and symbols, as this will enable potential readers to quickly understand the significance of the research. Authors should also consider using recognisable, searchable terms, as around 70% of our readers come directly via search engines. The table of contents graphic should give the reader a clear indication of the topic of the study, eg by showing key compounds.
Full papers
Full accounts of important original research. Full papers may be an expansion of work previously published in a Communication; however, the new work reported must represent a significant extension on what was previously published.
The importance and potential impact of the research should be emphasised. Authors are particularly encouraged to prepare a title and abstract which concisely summarise the key findings of their research and their importance, avoiding the use of non-standard abbreviations, acronyms and symbols, as this will enable potential readers to quickly understand the significance of the research. Authors should also consider using recognisable, searchable terms, as around 70% of our readers come directly via search engines. The table of contents graphic should give the reader a clear indication of the topic of the study, eg by showing key compounds.
Reviews
Concise and critical reviews of important or emerging topics in organic chemistry. Easy to read and covering current areas of interest, rather than comprehensive reviews of the literature. Download our author guidelines for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Reviews (PDF).
Comments
Comments and Replies are a medium for the discussion and exchange of scientific opinions between authors and readers concerning material published in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry.
For publication, a Comment should present an alternative analysis of and/or new insight into the previously published material. Any Reply should further the discussion presented in the original article and the Comment. Comments and Replies that contain any form of personal attack are not suitable for publication.
Comments that are acceptable for publication will be forwarded to the authors of the work being discussed, and these authors will be given the opportunity to submit a Reply. The Comment and Reply will both be subject to rigorous peer review in consultation with the journal’s Editorial Board where appropriate. The Comment and Reply will be published together.
Transparent peer review
As part of our commitment to transparency and open science, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry is now offering authors the option of transparent peer review, where the editor’s decision letter, reviewers’ comments and authors’ response for all versions of the manuscript will be published alongside the article under an Open Access Creative Commons licence (CC-BY).
Reviewers will remain anonymous unless they choose to sign their report.
Find out more about our transparent peer review policy
Journal specific guidelines
The following guidelines are journal specific. For general guidance on preparing an article please visit our Prepare your article and Resources for authors pages, the content of which is relevant to all of our journals.
See more about Journal specific guidelines
Data and supporting information
Characterisation of compounds
OBC has minimum characterisation data requirements for i) new compounds, and ii) known compounds that have been synthesised by a new method. These requirements are described below.
There is no requirement to provide characterisation data for the synthesis of a known compound by a literature method; in these cases authors should provide a literature reference to previously-published characterisation data for that compound. However, authors are welcome to provide details of improved experimental protocols, more detailed characterisation data, or selected data from known compounds.
Organic compounds
Data required for both new compounds and known compounds synthesised by a new methodCopies of 1H NMR spectra (which contain no more than trace peaks that are not assigned to the structure in question) should be supplied as supplementary material. Spectra should be of high resolution and displayed in landscape, ideally with one spectrum per page.
Data required for new compounds only (in addition to the data specified above)It is the responsibility of authors to provide fully convincing evidence for the homogeneity, purity and identity of all compounds they claim as new. This evidence is required to establish that the properties and constants reported are those of the compound with the new structure claimed. Referees will assess, as a whole, the evidence presented in support of the claims made by the authors.
The following are required in all cases:
Complete numerical listings of 1H,13C NMR peaks in support of the assigned structure
Copies of 13C NMR spectra (containing no more than trace peaks that are not assigned to the structure in question) as supplementary material. Spectra should be of high resolution and displayed in landscape, ideally with one spectrum per page
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with a found value within 0.003m/z unit of the calculated value of a parent-derived ion. Elemental analysis data may be provided if HRMS is not available.
The following are required in specific cases:
Infrared spectra should be supplied to support functional group transformations when such data are chemically necessary to establish the transformations
Specific rotation should be supplied for chiral non-racemic compounds, when such data are chemically necessary or of intrinsically high importance for future researchers. Such data are expected when stereocenters are created or defined during asymmetric synthesis or catalysis
The determination of enantiomeric excess of nonracemic, chiral substances should be supported with either GC/HPLC traces with retention times for both enantiomers and separation conditions (that is, chiral support, solvent and flow rate) or copies of the spectra for Mosher Ester/Chiral Shift Reagent analysis
Copies of 2D NMR and related experiments (that is, NOE, etc) should be supplied as supplementary material in cases where these data are used to assign the structure
Proof of absolute configuration should be supplied for chiral compounds. In cases where this is not available, a statement as to why this cannot be supplied should be included in the manuscript. For closely related structures assignment by analogy is acceptable if the configuration of one compound in the series is unambiguously assigned
In a small number of cases, some of the characterisation techniques which are normally required for new organic compounds may not be applicable or possible to obtain (for example, for some supramolecular systems). In these circumstances, the evidence for identity and purity will be judged on a case-by-case basis by the editor and referees.
Biomolecules (such as enzymes, peptides, proteins, DNA/RNA, oligosaccharides, oligonucleotides)
It is not possible to give hard and fast requirements for the characterisation of biomolecules as the applicability and availability of different techniques often depend on molecule type or size. In all cases, LC-MS or equivalent data (for example, HPLC data plus MS data on collected peaks) should be supplied for key synthetic intermediates, and as evidence of the purity and identity of the final compound.
Additional data, such as high field 1H,13C NMR, X-ray crystallography or sequencing data (for proteins and oligonucleotides) may be provided if available. In some cases, authors may be required to provide some of this additional data if it is thought necessary by the referees.
For new derivatives comprising modified monomers, the usual organic chemistry analytical requirements for the novel monomer must be provided (see Organic compounds). It is not however necessary to provide this level of characterisation for the oligomer into which the novel monomer is incorporated.
Computational work
We ask that the following information be provided where possible:
As a minimum, papers reporting QM work should include the atomic coordinates, energies, and number of imaginary frequencies for all computed stationary points.
The level of theory used for computations should be mentioned in the text, and/or in the caption of the first figure that reports the results of those computations.
Computational methodology should be described in sufficient detail to allow calculations to be reproduced by other researchers.
Where calculations are performed with density functional theory, the integration grid used for the calculations should be specified.
All relevant total energies (potential energies, enthalpies, Gibbs free energies, etc.) should be reported for each computed species.
For transition states (TSs), the magnitude of the frequency of the imaginary vibrational mode may also be reported.
For intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations, any shoulders in the IRC plots should be noted. If IRC calculations reveal that a TS corresponded to a reaction pathway different from that suggested by simple animation of its imaginary mode, then the IRC results (plots and details of reactants/products) should be included in the ESI.
Where computational work is included as part of a synthetic study, full details of any theoretical characterization (for example, computational NMR or VCD) of products and/or important synthetic intermediates should be documented.
In the spirit of FAIR data, mol2 or pdb files for coordinates would also be welcomed.
Guidelines on writing titles, abstracts & table of contents entry
The title, abstract and graphical abstract are the first parts of your manuscript that editors, referees and potential readers will see, and once published they play a major part in a researcher’s decision to read your article. Therefore it’s important that these clearly and concisely show the main findings of your research and why they are important.
TitleThe title should be short and straightforward to appeal to a general reader, but detailed enough to properly reflect the contents of the article.
Keep it relatively short – between 8 and 15 words is ideal
Use easily recognisable words and phrases that can be read quickly
Use general terms for compounds and procedures rather than specific nomenclature or very specialised terms
Avoid using non-standard abbreviations and symbols
Avoid using subjective terms such as “novel”
Use keywords and familiar, searchable terms – these can increase the chances of your article appearing in search results. Around 70% of our readers come directly via search engines
AbstractThe abstract is a single paragraph which summarises the findings of your research. It will help readers to decide whether your article is of interest to them.
The length can vary from 50 to 250 words (or 40 to 75 words for Communications), but it should always be concise and easy to read with recognisable words and phrases
It should set out the objectives of the work, the key findings and why this research is important (compared to other research in its field)
It should emphasise (but not overstate) the significance and potential impact of the research in your article
Avoid including detailed information on how the research was carried out; this should be described in the main part of the manuscript
Like your title, make sure you use familiar, searchable terms and keywords
Table of contents entryA table of contents entry (graphical abstract) is required, which should be submitted at the revision stage. This should include an eye-catching graphic and 1-2 sentence(s) of text to summarise the key findings of the article to the reader. It will appear in the table of contents and feeds – for example, RSS feeds.
The graphic should:
Be simple, but informative.
Capture the reader’s attention (the use of colour is encouraged) – for example, for synthetic articles a target compound or key reaction scheme work well.
Include a structure, scheme, graph, drawing, photograph or combination that conveys the message of the article. Please note, complex schematics or spectra should be avoided.
Be original, unpublished artwork created by one of the co-authors. Preferably, the graphic should not be reused and appear again within the article.
Be suitable for, and uphold the standards of, a scholarly publication that has a global reach.
Not contain any elements that are offensive or inappropriate, in particular words or images that are discriminatory.
Not contain large amounts of text. Text should be limited to the labelling of compounds, reaction arrows and diagrams, with long phrases or sentences being avoided. Any text should be clearly legible to a reader.
Not contain logos, trademarks or brands names.
The text should:
Be concise and focus only on the key findings of the manuscript and their importance, not the processes used; think about what would grab the attention of the potential reader and would encourage them to read the full article.
Avoid repeating or paraphrasing the title or abstract.
Use easily recognisable words and phrases that can be read quickly.
Table of Contents specifications:
The figure should be a maximum size of 8 cm wide x 4 cm high.
Figures should be supplied as TIFF files, with a resolution of 600 dpi or greater.
The text supplied should be 1-2 sentences long, using a maximum of 250 characters.
Examples of suitable titles, abstracts and table of contents information
Titles
Iron-catalyzed arylation of α-aryl-α-diazoestersFrom DOI: 10.1039/C5OB02418H
Copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination using N-methoxyaminesFrom DOI: 10.1039/C5OB02167G
Anti-Selective aminofluorination of alkenes with amidines mediated by hypervalent iodine(III) reagentsFrom DOI: 10.1039/C5OB01854D
Lewis acid-promoted [2 + 2] cycloadditions of alkenes with aryl ketenesFrom DOI: 10.1039/C5OB01837D
A versatile synthesis of chiral β-aminophosphinesFrom DOI: 10.1039/C5OB02439K
Ruthenium photoredox-triggered phospholipid membrane formationFrom DOI: 10.1039/C6OB00290K
An alternative, unsuitable way of writing the final example above would be:
Ru(bpy3)2+ 11-watt CFL-triggered tool reduces Cu(II) and initiates CuAAC reaction leading to phospholipid synthesis and in situ membrane formation
This title is too detailed and includes terms and compound names which are too specific (e.g.Ru(bpy3)2+, CuAAC)
Abstracts
A method for the preparation of chiral β-aminophosphines having substituted P-aryl groups is described. Ring-opening of cyclic sulfamidates with metal diarylphosphinites yields β-aminophosphine oxides, which are then reduced to the corresponding phosphines. Effects of the diarylphosphinite countercation on the regioselectivity of the ring-opening reaction (P- versus O-alkylation) are discussed. This method enables the introduction of electron-deficient, electron-rich and sterically hindered diarylphosphino groups, as demonstrated by the synthesis of a series of novel, P-aryl-substituted β-aminophosphines derived from tert-leucinol, valinol and phenylglycinol. Access to these derivatives will create new opportunities for steric and electronic tuning of β-aminophosphine-derived chiral ligands and organocatalysts.
From DOI: 10.1039/C5OB02439K
Copper-catalysed electrophilic amination of a triarylboroxin using an N-methoxyamine to give quick access to a variety of anilines was reported. The reaction was especially useful for syntheses of functionalised anilines when combined with our previously reported nucleophilic addition to N-methoxyamides.
From DOI: 10.1039/C5OB02167G
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with various diseases, especially during aging and the development of diabetes and uremia. To better understand these biological processes, investigation of the in vivo kinetics of AGEs, i.e., analysis of trafficking and clearance properties, was carried out by molecular imaging. Following the preparation of Cy7.5-labeled AGE-albumin and intravenous injection in BALB/cA-nu/nu mice, noninvasive fluorescence kinetics analysis was performed. In vivo imaging and fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that non-enzymatic AGEs were smoothly captured by scavenger cells in the liver, i.e., Kupffer and other sinusoidal cells, but were unable to be properly cleared from the body. Overall, these results highlight an important link between AGEs and various disorders
From DOI: 10.1039/C6OB00098C
Table of contents
A new route to a tetracyclic lactam was developed and the product, called VG1, was found to inhibit nonsense-mediated mRNA decay at μM concentrations.From DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02482j
Benzoyl-Oxyma is a highly crystalline, readily prepared, safer alternative to benzoyloxybenzotriazole, useful in the selective benzoylation of carbohydrate polyols.From DOI: 10.1039/C5OB02092A
A platinum complex/peptide chimera shows specific DNA binding and covalent platination with potential as a novel chemotherapeutic.From DOI: 10.1039/C5OB01885D
Information about drawing structures or schemes
When drawing structures or schemes, authors should use the correct sizes and settings in order to maintain consistency. These graphics should ideally be created in ChemDraw and they should be supplied at the size you wish them to appear in print, using the same drawing settings for all structures.
Templates are available on our Author templates & services page to help you produce clear chemical structures from several drawing programs (for example, ChemDraw) and you may also use the article templates to see how figures will look in the final manuscript. Full guidance on presentation of structures and other graphics is available on our Author guidelines page.
When submitting an article which contains structures or schemes to OBC, authors should pay particular attention to the following key points:
Graphic widths should be up to 8.3 cm (one-column) or 17.1 cm (two-column)
Graphics should ideally be created to fit these widths to avoid articles containing large amounts of white space
Graphic height should be a maximum of 23.3 cm
Use solid or hatched wedges to depict stereochemistry
It is important not to change the scale of a graphic to modify its width - this results in unevenly-sized graphics
Recommended text size is Arial 7pt and bond lengths 0.43 cm
Submitting incorrectly-formatted files will result in a request from the handling editor to provide revised versions.
Manuscript submission information
On submission authors are asked to supply details of the two previously published articles most related to the submission-one from the author’s own group and one from the wider community. Authors are also asked to supply a very brief statement about the novelty and importance of the research. These pieces of information will assist editors and referees in the peer review process.
Open access publishing options
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry is a hybrid (transformative) journal and gives authors the choice of publishing their research either via the traditional subscription-based model or instead by choosing our gold open access option. Find out more about our Transformative Journals. which are Plan S compliant.
Gold open access
For authors who want to publish their article gold open access, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry charges an article processing charge (APC) of £2,750 (+ any applicable tax). Our APC is all-inclusive and makes your article freely available online immediately, permanently, and includes your choice of Creative Commons licence (CC BY or CC BY-NC) at no extra cost. It is not a submission charge, so you only pay if your article is accepted for publication.
Learn more about publishing open access.
Read & Publish
If your institution has a Read & Publish agreement in place with the Royal Society of Chemistry, APCs for gold open access publishing in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry may already be covered.
Use our journal finder to check if your institution has an open access agreement with us.
Please use your official institutional email address to submit your manuscript and check you are assigned as the corresponding author; this helps us to identify if you are eligible for Read & Publish or other APC discounts.
Traditional subscription model
Authors can also publish in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry via the traditional subscription model without needing to pay an APC. Articles published via this route are available to institutions and individuals who subscribe to the journal. Our standard licence allows you to make the accepted manuscript of your article freely available after a 12-month embargo period. This is known as the green route to open access.
Learn more about green open access.
Readership information
Academic and industrial scientists working in organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, chemical biology and physical organic chemistry.
Subscription information
OBC is part of RSC Gold and Core Chemistry subscription packages.
Online only 2024: ISSN 1477-0539, £5,370 / $9,638
*2022 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2023)
**The median time from submission to first decision including manuscripts rejected without peer review from the previous calendar year
***The median time from submission to first decision for peer-reviewed manuscripts from the previous calendar year
****CiteScore™ 2022 available at www.scopus.com/sources
Journals, books & databases
Author & reviewer hub
Our journals
All journals A-Z
Email alerts service
Maximise your impact
Open calls for papers
Journal metrics
Benefits of publishing with us
RSC Desktop Seminars
Open Science
Open access publishing
Our editorial board members
Booksellers
Our books
Databases & literature updates
Research tools
RSC Select
Librarian hub
A-Z list of resources and tools
Contact us
Pre-submission queries
Email:
Katie Lim, Executive Editor
Post-submission queries
Email:
Sarah Anthony, Editorial Production Manager
Share
FB
Advertisement
Back to top
Not a member?
Join us now
Journals
Networks
Contacts
Linked In
YouTube
Help
Advertise
Legal
Privacy
Accessibility
© Royal Society of Chemistry 2024. Registered charity number 207890.
This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience.
See how this site uses Cookies.
Do not sell my personal data.
Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experiência ao usuário.
Veja como este site usa Cookies.
close
Your name: * (required)
Your email: * (required)
Your phone: * (required)
Subject: * (required)
Message: * (required)
华为车载充电系统 | 车载OBC | 华为数字能源
华为车载充电系统 | 车载OBC | 华为数字能源
登录
登出
CN
产品与解决方案
智能光伏
数据中心能源及关键供电
站点能源
智能电动
智能充电网络
嵌入式电源
数字能源管理平台
产品
家庭业主
企业业主
电站业主
解决方案
行业解决方案
家庭绿电
行业绿电
智能光伏电站
智能组串式储能
智能微网
产品
智能供电
FusionPower6000
HOT
SmartLi
UPS5000-H
HOT
UPS5000-E
UPS5000-A
UPS2000-H
UPS2000-G
UPS2000-A
智能温控
FusionCol8000-E
FusionCol8000-A
FusionCol8000-C
智能管理系统
NetEco6000
iCooling
iManager-M
NEW
智能微模块
FusionModule2000
NEW
FusionModule800
FusionModule500
预制模块化
FusionDC1000C
FusionDC1000B
FusionDC1000A
解决方案
行业解决方案
运营商
IDC
互联网
金融
政府
制造
场景解决方案
极简站点
一站一刀
一站一柜
极简机房
机房电源
站站无油
混合供电
站站叠光
站站叠光
全面锂电化
智能云锂
全面智能化
智能站点
产品
三合一电驱动系统
165kW 三合一电驱动系统
150kW 三合一电驱动系统
220kW 三合一电驱动系统 (异步)
270kW 三合一电驱动系统
多合一电驱动系统
120kW 多合一电驱动系统
车载充电系统
7kW 二合一车载充电系统
7kW 三合一车载充电系统
11kW 三合一车载充电系统(高压版)
动力云
云端智能预警系统
电池管理系统
解决方案
新能源汽车动力域解决方案
纯电解决方案
动力云解决方案
产品
新一代全液冷超充
NEW
共建新型电动出行能源基础设施
充电模块
NEW
打造充电产业优质内核
产品
服务器电源
CRPS 1300W服务器电源
CRPS 800W服务器电源
鲲鹏900W服务器电源
鲲鹏2000W服务器电源
AC-DC模块
交流电源盒
AC电源砖
3000W双输入交流&高压直流电源模块
DC-DC模块
DC-DC砖模块
2200W直流电源DC-DC模块
AVS电源
AVS电源模块
PSiP
PSiP
高端装备电源
解决方案
行业解决方案
泛IT
泛工业
泛CT
解决方案
场景解决方案
低碳家庭
低碳园区
低碳ICT
低碳县域
低碳城市
合作伙伴
合作伙伴
Power-Partner
查找合作伙伴
成为合作伙伴
成为销售合作伙伴
成为服务合作伙伴
合作政策
合作伙伴政策
合作伙伴支持
营销资料
伙伴营销工作台
华为人才发展中心
找回、更换伙伴管理账号
伙伴支持
企业服务工具
市场管理
授权函验证
公告
黑名单公示
风险警示名单
窜货及违规举报
新闻与动态
最新动态
新闻动态
方博碳讨室
比特与瓦特
活动信息
展会活动
服务与支持
服务与支持
服务与支持
专业服务
数据中心能源服务
站点能源服务
光伏服务
技术支持
支持
服务伙伴
生态服务
关于我们
关于我们
公司介绍
人才招聘
可持续发展
出版物
成功故事
成功案例
样板点
联系我们
项目咨询
查找经销商
智能客服
全球服务热线
资料中心
产品与解决方案资料
售后资料
搜索
登录
个人中心
登出
产品与解决方案
智能光伏
数据中心能源及关键供电
站点能源
智能电动
智能充电网络
嵌入式电源
数字能源管理平台
合作伙伴
Power-Partner
查找合作伙伴
成为销售合作伙伴
成为服务合作伙伴
合作伙伴政策
营销资料
伙伴营销工作台
华为人才发展中心
找回、更换伙伴管理账号
伙伴支持
企业服务工具
授权函验证
公告
黑名单公示
风险警示名单
窜货及违规举报
新闻与动态
新闻动态
方博碳讨室
比特与瓦特
展会活动
服务与支持
服务与支持
数据中心能源服务
站点能源服务
光伏服务
支持
生态服务
关于我们
公司介绍
人才招聘
可持续发展
出版物
成功案例
样板点
项目咨询
查找经销商
智能客服
全球服务热线
资料中心
产品与解决方案资料
售后资料
登录
个人中心
登出
返回主菜单
智能光伏首页
产品
家庭业主
企业业主
电站业主
解决方案
行业解决方案
家庭绿电
行业绿电
智能光伏电站
智能组串式储能
智能微网
返回主菜单
数据中心能源及关键供电首页
产品
智能供电
FusionPower6000
SmartLi
UPS5000-H
UPS5000-E
UPS5000-A
UPS2000-H
UPS2000-G
UPS2000-A
智能温控
FusionCol8000-E
FusionCol8000-A
FusionCol8000-C
智能管理系统
NetEco6000
iCooling
iManager-M
智能微模块
FusionModule2000
FusionModule800
FusionModule500
预制模块化
FusionDC1000C
FusionDC1000B
FusionDC1000A
解决方案
行业解决方案
运营商
IDC
互联网
金融
政府
制造
返回主菜单
站点能源首页
场景解决方案
极简站点
一站一刀
一站一柜
极简机房
机房电源
站站无油
混合供电
站站叠光
站站叠光
全面锂电化
智能云锂
全面智能化
智能站点
返回主菜单
智能电动首页
产品
三合一电驱动系统
165kW 三合一电驱动系统
150kW 三合一电驱动系统
220kW 三合一电驱动系统 (异步)
270kW 三合一电驱动系统
多合一电驱动系统
120kW 多合一电驱动系统
车载充电系统
7kW 二合一车载充电系统
7kW 三合一车载充电系统
11kW 三合一车载充电系统(高压版)
动力云
云端智能预警系统
电池管理系统
解决方案
新能源汽车动力域解决方案
纯电解决方案
动力云解决方案
返回主菜单
智能充电网络首页
产品
新一代全液冷超充
共建新型电动出行能源基础设施
充电模块
打造充电产业优质内核
返回主菜单
嵌入式电源首页
产品
服务器电源
CRPS 1300W服务器电源
CRPS 800W服务器电源
鲲鹏900W服务器电源
鲲鹏2000W服务器电源
AC-DC模块
交流电源盒
AC电源砖
3000W双输入交流&高压直流电源模块
DC-DC模块
DC-DC砖模块
2200W直流电源DC-DC模块
AVS电源
AVS电源模块
PSiP
PSiP
高端装备电源
解决方案
行业解决方案
泛IT
泛工业
泛CT
返回主菜单
数字能源管理平台首页
解决方案
场景解决方案
低碳家庭
低碳园区
低碳ICT
低碳县域
低碳城市
智能电动
场景解决方案
产品
平台能力
成功案例
最新动态
营销资料
车载充电系统
首页
智能电动
车载充电系统
7kW 二合一车载充电系统
7kW二合一车载充电系统集成OBC、双向逆变、DC/DC功能,可实现宽范围200Vdc-502Vdc电压输出,300Vdc-450Vdc范围内的平均效率95%以上。 采用业界领先拓扑技术和关键器件全车规级、经过230多种全球异常电网严格测试,具备高性能、高功率密度、高可靠、良好EMC兼容性等特点。
了解更多 >
2.8kW/L超高密
功能安全认证
三级立体防凝露设计
230+异常电网耐受
11kW 三合一车载充电系统(高压版)
11kW三合一车载充电系统(高压版)集成OBC、双向逆变、DC/DC功能,PDU功能,输入兼容三相、单相两种制式供电,400Vdc-800Vdc宽范围输出,480Vdc-800Vdc平均效率94%以上。采用业界领先拓扑技术和关键器件全车规级、通过230多种全球异常电网严格测试,具备高性能、高功率密度、高可靠、良好EMC兼容性等特点。
了解更多 >
功能安全认证
三级立体防凝露设计
230+异常电网耐受
7kW 三合一车载充电系统
7kW三合一车载充电系统集成OBC、双向逆变、DC/DC、PDU功能,可实现宽范围240Vdc-490Vdc电压输出,300Vdc-450Vdc范围内的平均效率95%以上。 采用业界领先拓扑技术和关键器件全车规级、经过230多种全球异常电网严格测试,具备高性能、高功率密度、高可靠、良好EMC兼容性等特点。
了解更多 >
功能安全认证
三级立体防凝露设计
230+异常电网耐受
华为数字能源
联系我们
公司介绍
可持续发展
出版物
人才招聘
成功案例
产品与解决方案
智能光伏
数据中心能源及关键供电
站点能源
智能电动
智能充电网络
嵌入式电源
数字能源管理平台
合作伙伴
Power-Partner
成为销售合作伙伴
成为服务合作伙伴
查找合作伙伴
合作伙伴支持
新闻与动态
新闻动态
展会活动
方博碳讨室
比特与瓦特
服务与支持
专业服务
支持
服务伙伴
快捷入口
智能光伏论坛
数据中心能源论坛
站点能源论坛
智能充电网络论坛
营销资料
华为官网
华为企业业务网站
运营商业务网站
© 华为数字能源技术有限公司 粤A2-20044005号粤公网安备44030702002388号
联系我们
法律声明
隐私政策
智能客服
智能诊断,极速解答
项目咨询
我们会尽快与您联系
智能客服
智能诊断,极速解答
项目咨询
我们会尽快与您联系
-1.5%����
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 15 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 6 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<>
stream
���� JFIF x x �� C
!(!0*21/*.-4;K@48G9-.BYBGNPTUT3?]c\RbKSTQ�� C''Q6.6QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ�� ]" ��
�� � } !1AQa"q2���#B��R��$3br�
%&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz���������������������������������������������������������������������������
�� � w !1AQaq"2�B���� #3R�br�
$4�%�&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz�������������������������������������������������������������������������� ? �h��g QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE �J�#�榼 \����5X�緂Ob��?�hB�Q@��(��(��=2?.�?V��:�UK0QԜWU��Tt�i�n:�(��(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� 䨢�g QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE U��{)W�0q�����bϙ���J� ��@�^�(�AEPEP�:?2�!�ߕtu��Ǚ������ ����ZQA�QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE�QE�@��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( �F�9U�U �h� ��%̊:g#�y�j��̐������?«�7�QE(�� �ѣ�f[��MhT6��V�'p�?Z���dQE
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��9*(���QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE X=��|�� �U렳��p�� ��T�����B2�@�E#Gk��QE30�m��n#O�0^�#�z����@һ7�QE#�(�� (�� (�� (�K,p�d��y,� ~5Y�m=mZ�퐘ະ`�y���n\��[�iВ��Kp}q�^J���]O�<4Ċ3��~d�K��Z��\�����b-+ķ<��K ��(2?
��[�SQ�=�� ~B��ʍ8�Q?D���Vtz���ş�����1�Y��-b_p���P���� �E"���-Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@�QL�
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
)ȏ#mE,} ����� ��@?�NO�
b�Z��̠4�!_�������uoΠ$��$���-��W�$u�QjP�F�Iq�/P=k��E"���c����E�����T��U�v4�:�>в*�?8���Ђ�44�K'���u���_��&���?:�ӡ0٢�d��.R�QA�QE QE U=OT����빂�W�1�O�Z�Z-���?���}��`�R�.���I[�v����{T�mG �����v�6|E�I��kX�b�b%�98���ۭU�n�5���N�,��#v��qֺ�]*��Z=��1�ӤE�ۂ�ǰ��[W�X��i!H�I�*z`�]p�/b�m/
K�E��|���izpUi����oק�Z��0KfQ"^Xdd}h�h��*H]�+�Ƴ�*��wdw���6�qu*��cT��i���Y�Hv�##�{�4�"��7�Y؏q�3[>��C��۠I����$�O�[�8�jOvs{I:�+dk[�[]3���R�8`�o�=r����5 �{��b�'�G'��p��9��k9����i 6�%a�TkT�&8;XP袊 (�� (�� (�� (�� 䨢�g QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QS%��������� ];}�_q����~T�qA$�qI�<�ԛ-���fo���r�$�}�@8�� ��F]������� ����QE QE QE *��u'�F�#Tb��:?2�!�ߕt�����EPjQE $�
*�g���4l� +�O��/�j�\�% ��Qҽ��Zi�<_(�I|�߅yM{.�p�Zm��A���w>�6�:0����!������p�X_t{����+w��/���� �a|;� �E��w� �EvG�2�>Z_Ə���]Ʃ��XCra�������Z���.��u�Y�.J1����^� ��P� q��1H��S�t� �u�)7)G��X�(�]n7������y&e)�6��k��zU�܉̭q���3������sO����]m������� *�s~�(�^�L�����s_�U5�{�|s5���)e`���?֭�:� �����Ζ��Jr� ���.�n�d��R�(�3/V�%�ޱhb�21ā���8"���r��q���劖�������C?��� f��#�Ξݾq� ��_�tܼ���QGȡ}ᕱ��Z�w}�BHð�:w�Ȯ�vA���69�Tٓ���Y0�KR�����Z)X#n#��SkT�O��iD�gYF �'�-�ܨ�B�J��f��5�.�R����f�;��Oֶ|��sm=��\�FO]����j��Y������5�|=Ru��tBG�����`�Ppk��v��\jZ�֟ ɂ,���ʆ�N�j�o.�I��m�q���FG�V�� #U� ��� ��I�����,V��r�zX�1J1�[��Q^a�Q@Q@Q@Q@�QL�
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��
(�����б��R�X�I�*&��I���?���0aQ� ���4����g�D?�տ*<����?�~O�
������a��#nv,}I��E
(��
(��
(��
(��
(��4�H�4��\~��ڬ�=��� ��օ#�
�(��
(��
(��<�ź;隣ȋ��9,�t�֟�|@���6����19��?Z���m�G���������z�����5����o"�K����E�Ն�q� ���n����z���7��ƃ�����R�R�}��I�}Ek��s��e�(O�KN�k�:]���{=ͳ��c����]��'�n�3��~|��sλ:+GZM�wV8�]��O�Zm栶B�ݦ�_v���t�Hɧ@�e�A�b��6�ص����|��i��Owl�
[��,�]�x�o���m�|��sλ+G^NN]ՈT��gs��}�ZIkl�&�nkg��9�t�*2�������>�^����_��ַ>.��lV� �j�c�Q��+��M����ӵ���g��>�qZ�S�^m�B�.]��7�/��d�4r��<�tϽt��$�,]�@�X��t��Nu�խk�(PPw��q����Eyqsl����X�9`h�K�o��l��x>go��ʙ4�A�i4Y� ����]Ն�+(��I��O8���$�;t����HO����ޮA �Y���;u?�Ұ:e�rZ(���(��(��(�k컿�K�����G$2���6_���H�/�#(���]�i�����O�G�#��#� }
�z*��w��9=�`�F��b� Y/�P#��(QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QEN��4�D����Zb
�;y$��wf�~t� 2��G���'�TRK$�29o�@hK�h��;{p��i�\I"��T��
���EP ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ����?6�4��@�~U�I�55R:(��(��(���h��9�[��u�2@ �Ǽc�?U� W)w�]kM�ͷS0^C��p�:�U�T��w��k�V�י斞-ִ��q6ޫ:�����OYI�uk,'�p��WQqimt�n �U�u ��"��-�H�0��7#��E�6x�_�S����5���[�m��O��_�Z�Z����)?�pk�������T� }C�R��7k���� yJ� �d���z�����x;]��U�C��XJQ��'ݻ���w�_R����B����� ������I���p��Qw�>�IoY�A-��nb������F�7�|ji� �7��Z��6����Y?�P��4]�%���ޭ�7'�&�w�7��?������)?��l� 6#�R|���r�@�d_K%��Ӝ����z(���� Ey��QL�
(��
(��
(��
(��9*(���QE $s�ܑ�zg��� �����a������?��� �B��@�X�.��SG'�p#Q��}��}Ȩ�H�/�#/�ջ�l1��6�ҏ�G� ������,W��}�w�����8?���X��l��P#��(QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QN
Ǣ��R�e=#s� 4 �*QmpzA'��i���� ����di�g�X7�Nm�� �?��9_b�tiwg� � �
p�n���@�_b��4{���O�T����Y7��~����J����=���α�q S����զt���I�$�E��=�1������ ^��C�">-�� �yoϵ@�Y�1$���y�� �I�P�f%�4{o�HNM����@{6`Q]����'�iF�h?�������](����)����� �@��9�+����?�"�E�?
����8#�O�]P t��y���S�'?�N���&�|Q@{3�WG�X?�N}�� � �WGE�h�F�x�?�B�4���
?�U�Q@{4`�&�� p~4��wx��·(�=�1F�/yP~�Zif��eiCm�iQ@�
(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(�J���h?���� 6����a����] ����i����� �����]@��t�?��S�Q����(g�r��X�R
�¨��~���D2���� 8[NzC'��k����g2,�O����,.���j�(�~���o��� DžM���%}��[�P�"��� ����?�)���L��V�������jc�i�E~���(�9"d ��w� �O*w��*Ԣ�䉚4h{�'�N=�v��#�+B�ȻF�j?�Q���fO���(Uب4�A� ,G�i�����4P>TB,�������o �c�*J(!�(�H�~�:KEQE b�(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(���
endstream
endobj
5 0 obj
<>
endobj
6 0 obj
<>
stream
x��YMO$7��4��Ǟ��T��_��?Q�C�)6�� !���Sv��=@��f$�mW�+?�*�z�����w��g� �/���@�)I;�� ��;_.~��n��m?�g;�-�ή������^��jn���h�t`�jK��t0����g�Ӭ:��w�����r�� T��V��O�P�bxt,vi~����� �eCu�Gw��:�y�h��������A�sC��P�=Bmg�X�K$%^pP'g��}bZ�幣���z�Hr��iA��)`�.���A�.Z�y/ �b�!u�10}�TA� �c�>�_|��L!�I`67l�c[6ཥ�Y�`0���`p��&�����R���1U6 W-��q�p�7�g@ӷ[�U��!E^D�l�6h�dlډL �����O'�G�7++��*�ܝ�U�@V����2��}&Mڌ8�e����{����n�A�p]u�xH��ЄÔe�lR�`�6���:��2���l'
�Vb�Q]��Y�24JN϶ܫML�ӷ���<����z��%�*�ۺ�� kN��S���P�0U�C�8jwP69���Iލ��H'�_Wk.*9��r������Eh�T����ZB{^Jk:b��6Ӗ`�fe��:���\�Ukn$u$����~�fMxnƶ6Џ���v[S6M�sn 1�1=�Pe,�#I��ذ=�@>Ǥ���(s�Vlq�0c[J>v��>
endobj
8 0 obj
[ 9 0 R]
endobj
9 0 obj
<>
endobj
10 0 obj
<>
endobj
11 0 obj
<>
endobj
12 0 obj
<>
endobj
13 0 obj
<>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/F 4/A<>>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 21 0 R 27 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 33 0 R 35 0 R 37 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 44 0 R 47 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 52 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 20 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>
stream
���� JFIF x x �� C
!(!0*21/*.-4;K@48G9-.BYBGNPTUT3?]c\RbKSTQ�� C''Q6.6QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ�� k " ��
�� � } !1AQa"q2���#B��R��$3br�
%&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz���������������������������������������������������������������������������
�� � w !1AQaq"2�B���� #3R�br�
$4�%�&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz�������������������������������������������������������������������������� ? �j�~��w���`��� Z�T�Ja�8��3��R�D"��9F�����Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@�FvڊX�S}�g��?n��
b�I2���{��<�#� U���?$��ù#�p?*A�DQ� �����?�J>ұ�*��7��^����#��sL��QE QE QE K�@�S�O ԞLs�np��c��{�j:P;�A�0GjJ�'I�[�I� ����Q�Dd